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Eukaryotic-Flagella-Cilia-Movement | Notes-by-UK-Sir | Cell-Bio-12

CELL    (Flagella Cilia)

Eukaryotic-Flagella
Eukaryotic-Flagella

Want to Know about Ribosome, Peroxisome, Glyoxysome :

https://uksirnotes.blogspot.com/2021/07/Ribosome-Peroxisosomes-Glyoxysome-uksirnotes.html

Want to Know about Cytoplasm, RER, SER:



Flagella & Cilia

      Fine thread or Hair like structure.

      Help in Locomotion of the cell

      Flagella- longer 100-200μm, 1-4 per cell.

      Cilia – smaller 5-20 μm, numerous in number.

      Present in –


Bacteria, Protists, motile algae, spermatozoa, gastro dermal cell of coelenterate, zoospores, gametes thallophytes, larval bodies, Cilia in Respiratory track, oviduct,  kidney renal tubule etc.



 

Structure:

      Both have same structure.

i) Basal body / kinetosome

ii) Rootlets

iii)Basal plate

iv) Shaft

Eukaryotic-Flagella
Eukaryotic-Flagella



1.Basal body / kinetosome:

      Also called as basal granule or blepharoplasty.

      Embedded in outer part of the cytoplasm just below membrane.

      Looks like Micro cylinder just like centriole.

      Protein fibers are 9+3 condition, but without central axis.

 

2. Rootlets

      Straight out growth from lower part of the basal body.

      Provide support to basal body.

      Bundle of micro fibrils present in cytoplasm.

 

3. Basal plate

      Dense area, present above the basal body.

      Present at the level of plasma membrane.

     
Central fibril develops from this area.

 

Flagella structure

4. Shaft

      This is Hair like projection.

      Length 5-20 μm in cilium and 100-200 μm in flagella.

      It contain a semi fluid matrix and Central fibers – axoneme

      Show arrangement of 9+2 configuration or 11 stranded.

      Central 2 singlet covered by protein sheath.

      Peripheral fibril consists of 2 microtubule or sub fiber (B and A).

       2 bundles connected by linker- nexin protein present.

      Sub fiber contains hook – made by dynein protein- also show ATPase activity.

      The Central fiber – made by tubulin protein.

      Centre connects with Peripheral bundles by - radial projection/ spoke.




Flagella may be of two types-

 

Type of Flagella

      Whiplash type- smooth surface.

      Tinsel type – hairy surface.

 

Movement-

Movement



 

      Flagella- undulatory movement (wavy movement), from base to tip or reverse.

      Occurs with a power stroke and a return/recovery stroke.

      Normally 10-40 strokes /sec occur.

      Cilia : show rowing type or sweeping movement.

      May be all cilia simultaneously-  iso-chronic or synchronous.

      May be One after another – meta chronic.

      In Paramecium – speed is 1500 μm / 12 cell length/ sec.

 

Function

 

      Main function is Locomotion in unicellular case.

      Help in food circulation and also help to capture food.

      Create water current for gas exchange.

      In Respiratory track- eliminate dust particles.

      Cilia help in Internal transport-during passage of sperm in oviduct.

      In kidney can help in absorption.

      Act as Sensory organ- in protoplasmic structure. (can sense to – light, temp, contact)

      Help in conjugation and gamete fusion.


Want to Know about Ribosome, Peroxisome, Glyoxysome :

https://uksirnotes.blogspot.com/2021/07/Ribosome-Peroxisosomes-Glyoxysome-uksirnotes.html

Want to Know about Cytoplasm, RER, SER:

Want to Know about Mitochondria and chloroplast:



That's all about Eukaryotic-Flagella-Cilia-Movement . Feel free to ask doubts in comment section.. uksir

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