NEET-NCERT-SYLLABUS-UKSir

 

NCERT

Syllabus

Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms

Chapter-1: The Living World

What  is  living?  Biodiversity;  Need  for  classification;  taxonomy  and  systematics;  concept  of  species  and  taxonomical  hierarchy;  binomial  nomenclature;  tools  for  study  of  taxonomy museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens, keys for identification.

Chapter-2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom

Salient features and classification of plants into major groups -  Algae, Bryophyte, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiosperm (salient and distinguishing features and  a few  examples of each category): Angiosperms - classification up to class, characteristic features and examples. Plant life cycles and alternation of generations

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom

Basis of  Classification;  Salient features and classification of animals,  non-chordates up to phyla level  and  chordates  up  to  class  level  (salient  features  and  distinguishing  features  of  a  few  examples of each category). (No live animals or specimen should be displayed in school.)

Unit-II Structural Organization in Plants and Animals

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology and modifications: Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem,  leaf,  inflorescence,  flower,  fruit  and  seed.  Description  of  families:  Fabaceae,  Salicaceae  and Liliaceous (to be dealt along with the relevant experiments of the Practical Syllabus).

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy  and  functions  of  different  tissues  and  tissue  systems  in  dicots  and  monocots. Secondary growth.

Chapter-7: Structural Organization in Animals

Animal tissues; Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive,  circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect-cockroach (a brief account only).

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Functions

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell  and  animal  cell;  cell  envelope;  cell  membrane,  cell  wall;  cell  organelles  -  structure  and function; endomembrane system-  endoplasmic reticulum,  ribosomes,  Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles;  mitochondria,  plastids,  micro bodies;  cytoskeleton,  cilia,  flagella,  centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

 

Chapter-9: Biomolecules

Chemical  constituents  of  living  cells:  biomolecules,  structure  and  function  of  proteins, carbohydrates,  lipids,  nucleic  acids;  concept  of  metabolism;  Enzymes  -  properties,  enzyme action, factors, classification, Co-factors.

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology

Chapter-11: Transport in Plants

Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport  -  diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active  transport;  plant-water  relations,  imbibition,  water  potential,  osmosis,  plasmolysis;  long distance transport of water - Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation;  transpiration,  opening  and  closing  of  stomata;  Uptake  and  translocation  of  mineral nutrients - Transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis.

Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition

Elementary  idea  of  hydroponics  as  a  method  to  study  mineral  nutrition;   essential  minerals, macro-  and  micronutrients  and  their  role;  deficiency  symptoms;  mineral  toxicity;  nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.

Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis  as  a  means  of  autotrophic  nutrition;  early  experiments,  site  of  photosynthesis, pigments involved  in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of  photosynthesis;  cyclic  and  non-cyclic  photophosphorylation;  chemiosmotic  hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-14: Cellular Respiration

Exchange of gases; do plants breathe; cellular respiration -  glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development

Seed  germination;  characteristics,  measurements  and  phases  of  plant  growth,  growth  rate; conditions  for  growth;  differentiation,  dedifferentiation  and  redifferentiation;  sequence  of developmental  processes  in  a  plant  cell;  growth  regulators  -  auxin,  gibberellin,  cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.

Unit-V Human Physiology

Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption

Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats;  egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders - indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea.

Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Introduction  to  respiratory  organs  in  animals;  Respiratory  system  in  humans;  mechanism  of breathing and its regulation in humans  -  exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration,  respiratory  volumes;  disorders  related  to  respiration  -  asthma,  emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Syllabus

 

Unit-VI Reproduction

Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms

Reproduction,  a  characteristic  feature  of  all  organisms  for  continuation  of  species;  modes  of reproduction  -  asexual  and  sexual  reproduction;  asexual  reproduction  -  binary  fission, sporulation,  budding,  gemmule  formation,  fragmentation;  vegetative  propagation  in  plants; events in sexual reproduction.

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination  -  types, agencies and  examples;  outbreeding  devices;  pollen-pistil  interaction;  double  fertilization;  post fertilization  events  -  development  of  endosperm  and  embryo,  development  of  seed  and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -  spermatogenesis  and  oogenesis;  menstrual  cycle;  fertilization,  embryo  development  upto blastocyst  formation,  implantation;  pregnancy  and  placenta  formation  (elementary  idea);  parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health

Need  for  reproductive  health  and  prevention  of  Sexually  Transmitted  Diseases  (STDs);  birth control - need and methods; medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility  and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, AI (brief overview).

Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity  and  variation,  Mendelian  inheritance;  deviations  from  Mendelism  –  incomplete dominance,  co-dominance,  multiple  alleles  and  inheritance  of  blood  groups,  pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes;  linkage and crossing over;  Sex determination  -  in human  being, birds, grasshopper  and honey bee; Mutation, Pedigree analysis, sex linked inheritance  -  hemophilia, color blindness; Mendelian  disorders  in  humans  –sickle  cell  anemia,  Phenylketonuria,  thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging;  Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material;  DNA  replication;  Central  Dogma;  transcription,  genetic  code,  translation;  gene  expression and regulation - lac operon; Human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter-7: Evolution

Origin  of  life;  biological  evolution  and  evidences  for  biological  evolution  (paleontology, comparative  anatomy,  embryology  and  molecular  evidences);  adaptive  radiation;  Biological evolution:  Lamarck’s  theory  of  use  and  disuse  of  organs,  Darwin's  theory  of  evolution; mechanism  of  evolution  -  variation  (mutation  and  recombination)  and  natural  selection  with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy  -  Weinberg's principle; brief account of evolution; human evolution.

Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens;  parasites  causing  human  diseases  (malaria,  dengue,  chikungunya,  filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology  -  vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence  -  drug  and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Animal husbandry, Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein.

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in food processing, industrial production, Antibiotics; production and judicious use, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers.

Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application

Application  of  biotechnology  in  health  and  agriculture:  genetically  modified  organisms  -  Bt crops;  RNA  interference,  Human  insulin,  gene  therapy;  molecular  diagnosis;  transgenic animals; biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents.

Unit-X Ecology and Environment

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations

Organisms  and  environment:  Habitat  and  niche,  abiotic  factors,  ecological  adaptations;  population  interactions  -  mutualism,  competition,  predation,  parasitism,  commensalism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Chapter-14: Ecosystem

Ecosystem:  structure and  function;  productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number,  biomass,  energy;  nutrient  cycles  (carbon  and  phosphorous);  ecological  succession; ecological services - carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity  -  Concept,  levels,  patterns,  importance;  loss  of  biodiversity;  biodiversity conservation;  hotspots,  endangered  organisms,  extinction,  Red  Data  Book,  Sacred  Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites. 

Chapter-16: Environmental Issues

Air pollution and its  control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change impact  and  mitigation;  ozone  layer  depletion;  deforestation;  case  study  exemplifying  success story addressing environmental issue(s).

 

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