chse-biology-syllabus-uksir
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| CHSE-BIOLOGY-SYLLABUS |
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| CHSE |
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| CHSE |
1st
year Science(Theory)
Theory
I. Diversity in Living
World (Periods 10)
a. What is living?, Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life; Taxonomy and Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Taxonomy- Museum, Zoos, herbaria, Botanical gardens.
b. Five Kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.
c. Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms- classification up to class, characteristic features and examples.
d. Salient features and classification of animals- non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).
II. Structural
Organization in Animals and Plants (Periods 12)
a. Morphology and modification in plants; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants- Root, stem, Leaf; inflorescence- cymose and racemose; flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus).
b. Animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous); Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (Brief account only).
III. Cell Structure and
Function
a. Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles structure and function; Endo membrane system- endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton,, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and function); nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
b. Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules- structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipid, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action.
Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
IV. Plant Physiology
(Period 16)
a. Transport in Plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to cell transport Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; Plant-water relations- Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of water- Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; Transpiration Opening and closing of Stomata;
b. Mineral Nutrition : Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients, Transport of food, phloem transport, Mass flow hypothesis; Diffusion of gases (brief mention).
c. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants : Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
d: Respiration: Exchange of gases; Cellular respiration glycolysis, fermentation(anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relation - Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.
e. Plant growth and Development: Seed germination; Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in plant cell; Growth regulators-auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, Absicic acid (ABA); Seed dormancy; Vernalisation; Photoperiodism.
V. Human Physiology
(Periods 30)
a. Digestion and Absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (brief account); Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders- PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea.
b. Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (tracheal, branchial, cutaneous, pulmonary); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of respiration (breathing) and its regulation in humans- Exchange of gases, transport of gases, Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration- Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.
c. Body fluids Circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system- Structure and working of human heart, blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity. Disorders of circulatory system- Hypertension, Coronary artery diesease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
d. Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uriocotelism; Human excretory system- structure and function; Mechanism of Urine formation, Osmoregulation: Regulation of kidney function- Reninangiotensin, Artial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders- Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney.
e. Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, flagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical Syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system- Myasthenia gravis, Tenany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
f. Neural control and Coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans central nervous system (brain, spinal cord), peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sensory perception; Sense organs; Elementary structure and function of eye and ear.
g. Chemical coordination and Regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system- Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulatror, Hypo- and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).
(NB: Ib, c; IIa; III and IV units are to be taught by Botany Faculty. Ia, d; IIb; V units are to taught by Zoology Faculty.)
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| CHSE2 |
Biology
2nd
Year Science
Theory (Yellow colored are Long Questions )
I. Reproduction
a. Reproduction in organism: Reproduction: a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction - Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes- Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
b. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilization, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control- Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies -IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness). (08)
II. Genetics and
Evolution (Periods 20)
a. Heredity and Variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Linkage and crossing over.
b. Sex determination- In humans, birds, honey bee; Sex linked inheritance- Haemophilia, Color blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans- Thalasemia; Chromosomal disordersin humans- Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes. (04)
c. Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, Genetic code, Translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing.
d. Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (Paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwinism, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution- Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.
III. Biology and Human
Welfare (Periods 08)
a. Health and Disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology- vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse. (04)
b. Improvement in food production:
i) Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Bio-fortification.
ii) Apiculture and Animal husbandry.
c. Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and bio fertilizers.
IV. Biotechnology and
its Applications (Periods 08)
a. Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology). (04)
b. Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms- Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues- Bio piracy and patents. (04)
V. Ecology and
environment (Periods 12)
a. Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
b. Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services- Carbon fixation; pollination, oxygen release.
c. Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity, conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book: Biosphere reserves, National parks and Sanctuaries.
d. Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warming; Ozone depletion; Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues.
(NB: Ia, II a, c; III b (i), c and v units are to be taught by Botany Faculty. I b; II b; III a, b(ii); IV units are to be taught by Zoology Faculty.)
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