Difference prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell (Cell Bio- 2 by UK sir)

CELL 

 Difference - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

Difference-between-prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

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Type of cell on the Basis of Structure:

Difference-Prokaryotic-Eukaryotic-cell

Plant-animal-cell-difference

PROKARYOTIC CELL: Properties

 

Prokaryotic cell

•      Cell organelles absent here .

- In prokaryotic cell Genetic Material is called – Genophore/ Nucleoid/ Prochromosome/ Incipient Nucleus/ DS Circular DNA.

•      Plasmid may present in some prokaryotic cell , which is extra chromosomal DNA.

•      Cell wall – present in bacteria and cyanobacteria. Absent in PPLO.

•      Cellwall material is mostly PeptidoGlycan. (Mucopeptide)

•      Flagella and Fimbriae- present in some bacteria. 

Flagella help in Locomotion. 

Non motile Pilli or fimbriae help during Conjugation/attachment process.

•      Cyanobacteria contain Photosynthetic thylakoids, which help in phtosynthesis.

•      Prokaryotic cell don’t contain any cell organelles, i.e. single compartment system.

•      Original Vacuole absent, small gas vacuoles may present.

•      Ribosomes are of 70s type, present in the cytoplasm.

•      Mesosome replace the Mitochondria and produce energy in Prokaryotic cell.

•      Respiratory enzymes attached with cell membrane, mostly to the mesosome

•      Mode of Nutrition mostly – Saprophytic, Parasitic, symbiotic or some time Autotrophic.

•      Reproduction occurs by binary fission/Asexual reproduction/Genetic recombination.

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Eukaryotic Cell (Properties):

Eukaryotic-plant-cell

- These are true or new  type of cell with advance system.

- Most of the multicellular organisms are  having Eukaryotic cells.

- Here well developed true nucleus can be found ,with its specific structure.

- Nuclear /chromosomal DNA is linear and present inside Nucleus.

- Cell wall is absent in case of Animal Cells, but present in case of plants.

- The cell wall material is cellulose /chitin.

- All cell organelles present in the cytoplasm.

- Mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, Golgi body , etc. can be seen which develop according to their functions.

- Mitochondria is the power house, where Energy is generated in the form of ATP.

- Chloroplast is well developed which produce food material (simple sugar- Glucose).

- Both Mitochondria& chloroplast are Semiautonomous cell organelles. They show prokaryotic character.

- Respiratory enzymes present in both Mitochondria & cytoplasm.

- Protein synthesis can be seen in cytoplasm, Mitochondria and Chloroplast.

- True type of Vacuole can be seen in plant Cells, in animals some time small vacuoles can be seen.

- The Ribosome is 80s type.

- Cell divides mostly by Somatic cell division.

- Few cell form gametes, by meiosis during the sexual Reproduction.

- Spindle fiber production can be seen during nuclear division.

- Reproduce by Vegetative, Asexual and  sexual methods (ex- Unicellular algae).

Want to know about Cell: go for this link - 

https://uksirnotes.blogspot.com/2021/05/cell-introduction.html