Kingdom-classification-living-world | uksir-notes | Diversity-Living-World2
Diversity in Living World 2
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| Classification |
Want to know about Taxonomy- Nomenclature, Click the Link below:
Want to know about Ultra structure of Eukaryotic cell, Click the Link below:
Biological classification:
- Classification is the scientific procedure of
arrangement of living organisms into groups.
- It is done on the basis of their
similarities and dissimilarities, and placing the
groups in a hierarchy of categories.
- The first work on classification was done
by Linnaeus (father of taxonomy).
- He classified living organisms into two
kingdoms, i.e. Plantae and Animalia.
Two kingdom classification
- It was given by Carolus Linnaeus (1758).
- All organisms of the world were divided
in to two kingdoms, i.e. Plantae (autotrophic organisms) and Animalia (includes heterotrophic
organisms).
- Some organisms like Euglena, slime moulds
etc. (share characteristics of both plants and animals.)Not placed in proper
position.
Three kingdom classification
- Ernst Haeckel (1866)introducedthird
kingdom.
- Named
this third kingdom asProtista.
- The kingdom-Protista includes all
single-celledeukaryotes.
Four kingdom classification
- It was given by Copeland (1956).
- All organisms are divided into the
following four kingdoms
(i) Monera- having prokaryotic organisms.
(ii) Protista - having true nucleate
(Eukaryotic) unicellular organisms.
(iii) Plantae- having photosynthetic and
multicellular organisms.
(iv)Animalia- having non-photosynthetic and multicellular
Five kingdom
classification
- RH Whittaker (1969) introduced five
kingdoms.
Basis was:
- complexity of cell structures (prokaryote or eukaryote),
- complexity of body structure (unicellular
or multicellular),
- mode of obtaining nutrition (autotrophic
or heterotrophic),
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| 5 Kingdom Classification |
- The five kingdoms are Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
- The new kingdom-Fungi Includes thalloid plants ranging from microscopic yeast to large mushrooms.
Six kingdom classification
- The most recent classification
- proposed by Carl Woese et al in
1990.
- the six kingdoms are Archaebacteria,
Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
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| 6-Kingdom-classification |
- kingdom- Archae bacteria contains halo bacteria,
thermo acidophiles and methanogens.
- kingdom- Eubacteria contains true bacterial
prokaryotes.
Three domain
System
- introduced by Carl Woese et al. in
1990
- divided cellular life forms into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote domains.
Arise from a common ancestor (LUCA = Last Universal Common Ancestor)
Want to know about Taxonomy- Nomenclature, Click the Link below:
Want to know about Ultra structure of Eukaryotic cell, Click the Link below:
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